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Industrial School Model Rules (1891)


GENERAL RULES FOR THE MANAGEMENT AND DISCIPLINE OF CERTIFIED INDUSTRIAL SCHOOLS FOR THE DETENTION OF CHILDREN,

Under the provisions of the Statute 29 and 30 Vict., cap. 118.


[N.B.—These Rules are vet in themselves operative, they are model Rules to indicate what is necessary to Managers who prepare a code of Rules for their School, and submit it to the Secretary of state for his approval.]

ESTABLISHMENT OP A CERTIFIED INDUSTRIAL SCHOOL.

Application should be made in the first instance to the Secretary of State for the Home Department stating the grounds for the application, naming the site of the proposed School, the amount of accommodation required, and supplying all requisite information bearing on the subject.

Before a certificate can be issued, legalising the School as a place of detention for Children under the Industrial Schools Act, the site, the plans for the buildings, and the Rules for the management of the School must be previously approved by the Secretary of State.

Every School must be carried on by a responsible Committee.
The Rules should state—

  1. The name and situation of the School.
  2. The constitution and powers of the Governing Body and the proposed schemes for the management of the School.
  3. The conditions of age, sex, health, &c. on which its Inmates are to be admitted.
  4. The number of Inmates, Male or Female, to be provided for.

The Rules should also embody the following:—

1. LODGING AND CLOTHING.
The Inmates shall have separate beds, and shall be supplied with a sufficiency of plain useful clothing.

2. DIETARY.
The Inmates shall be supplied with plain wholesome food, according to a Dietary to be approved by the Inspector; no substantial alterations in the Dietary shall be made without previous notice to him. A copy of the Dietary shall be hung in the Dining-room; it shall be Carefully adhered to, and all deviations from it recorded.

3. INSTRUCTION.
The Secular Instruction shall consist of Reading, Spelling, Writing, and Arithmetic, and, as far as practicable, the Elements of History, Geography, and Vocal Music. It shall be given for three hours daily. The Industrial training shall be, for Boys, in Farm and Garden Work, and such handicrafts as can be conveniently practised; for Girls, in Needlework, Washing, Cookery, and Housework. The employment of the Inmates shall not exceed six nor fall short of four hours daily. In Training Ships the Boys shall be properly instructed in Naval exercises and employments, and in the elements of Navigation.

4. RELIGIOUS EXERCISES AND WORSHIP.
Each day shall be begun and ended with simple family worship, consisting of Prayer and Praise to God, and the Reading of Scripture. The Religious Instruction shall be governed by the following Rule:— The ordinary Religious Instruction and Observances shall consist of Prayers and Hymns and Reading from the Bible, with such Explanations and Instructions in the Principles of Religion and Morality as are suited to the Capacity of Children; and in the Selection of such Prayers and Hymns, and in Explanations and Instructions from the Bible, no attempt shall be made to attach Children to, or to detach them from, any particular Denomination.

No Child should be required to attend any Religious Instruction or Observance, or should be taught the Catechism or Tenets of any Religion to which his Parents or Guardians object, or other than that to which he is stated in the Order of Detention to belong. With regard to Children who are specified in the Order of Detention as belonging to any particular Religious Persuasion the Managers shall, so far as practicable, make arrangements that such Children shall, during the times set apart for Religious Instruction, attend Religious Instruction or Observances conducted by Ministers of such Persuasions, or by such responsible Teachers of the School or other Persons as are delegated by such Ministers with the approval of the Managers. While any Religious Instruction or Observance is going on none of the Scholars or Teachers shall be employed in any other manner in the same Room.

On Sunday the Inmates shall, if possible, attend Public Worship at some convenient Church or Chapel, provided that no Boy or Girl shall be taken to any Church or Chapel to which his Parents or Guardians object on the ground that its Religious Services are not in accordance with the Religious Persuasion of the Child, or other than that to which he is stated in the Order of Detention to belong.

5. TIME-TABLE.
A Time-Table showing the Hours, of Rising, Work, School Instruction, Meals, Recreation, Retiring, &c., &c. shall be drawn up, be approved by the Inspector of Industrial Schools, and shall be fixed in the Schoolroom and carefully adhered to on all occasions. All deviations from it shall be recorded.

6. DISCIPLINE.
The Superintendent shall be authorised to punish any Boy or Girl detained in the School in case of misconduct or breach of Rule. All faults and punishments whatever shall be carefully recorded, and entered in a Book kept for that purpose. This Book shall be laid before the Committee of Managers at their meetings, and shall be open to the Inspector when called for by him. The Discipline of the School shall be maintained not only by punishment, but by a well-considered system of Rewards and Encouragements. Such system to form part of the Supplementary Rules to be made by the Managers, and to be approved by the Secretary of State. All Rules immediately affecting the Inmates shall be fully made known to them, and be placed in a conspicuous place in the School-room or elsewhere, for this object.

7. PUNISHMENTS.
Punishments shall consist of:—

  1. Forfeiture of rewards and privileges, or degradation from rank, previously attained by good conduct.
  2. Reduction in quality or quantity of food.
  3. Confinement in a light room, or light cell.
  4. Moderate personal correction and chastisement.

Referring to (a.) Byelaws shall state clearly what offences constitute a breach of law, with tho accompanying penalties.

The Regulations as to degradation shall also be inserted in the Supplementary Rules.

Referring to (b.) For simple offences the boy or girl may be deprived of one regular meal or of that portion of the meal which renders it most agreeable, but shall be allowed eight ounces of bread, with water or gruel, when deprived of any regular meal. No boy or girl shall be deprived of two meals in succession.

Referring to (c.) No Boy or Girl shall be confined under any pretext whatever for a longer period than three clays. Offences requiring graver penalties shall be dealt with by the Magistrates of the district in which the School is situated. No Boy or Girl shall be kept in solitary confinement in darkness under any pretence whatever. In confinement each Offender shall be allowed one pound of bread, with gruel or milk, and water daily.

Referring to (d.) the following regulations shall apply:—

  1. For very serious offences in the case of boys the punishment of whipping shall be inflicted-on the posterior with a birch rod, such punishment not to exceed twelve strokes, to be applied once for all, for the same offence.
  2. For less serious offences personal punishment shall be inflicted with a common school cane, to be applied to the palm of the hand, and shall not exceed six strokes.
  3. Personal chastisement may be inflicted by the Superintendent, or, in his presence, by an officer specially authorised by him.
  4. Personal chastisement may be inflicted by the chief Educational Teacher, but in this case such chastisement must be inflicted with the cane as prescribed in (ii.), must not exceed four strokes, and must be at once recorded and reported to the Superintendent.
  5. Personal chastisement may not be inflicted by any person or in any manner not authorised by the foregoing regulations, and in no case may it be inflicted upon any but boys.
  6. No punishment not mentioned above shall be inflicted.

8. RECREATION.
The Inmates shall be allowed two hours daily for recreation and exercise, and shall be occasionally taken out for exercise beyond the boundaries of the School.

9. PRIVILEGES OF FRIENDS.
The parents and near relatives of the Inmates shall be allowed to correspond with them at reasonable times, and to visit them once in two (or three) months, such privilege to be forfeited by misconduct or interference with the discipline of the School. In the case of the serious illness of any Inmate, or of his (or her) removal from the School by licence or legal discharge, notice shall be sent to the parents.

10. PROVISION ON DISCHARGE.
On the discharge of any Inmate from the School, he (or she) shall be provided with a sufficient outfit, according to the circumstances of the discharge, at the expense of the Managers; and shall be placed, as far as practicable, in some employment or service. If returned to relatives or friends, the expenses of such return shall be defrayed by the Managers.

11. MEDICAL OFFICER.
A Medical Officer shall be appointed to visit, the School periodically. He shall enter his visits in a book kept for that purpose, with a note of all serious cases of illness attended by him in the School, their course, duration, and the treatment proscribed. He shall also give a quarterly report as to the sanitary condition of the School. ,Application should be made to the Secretary of State for the discharge of any Inmate certified as medically unfit for detention.

12. INQUESTS.
In the case of the sudden or violent death of any Inmate of the School immediate notice shall be sent to the Coroner of the District in which the School is situated, and the circumstances of the case reported to the Inspector.

13. VISITORS.
The School shall be open to the inspection of Visitors at convenient times, to be regulated by the Managers.

14. JOURNAL.
The Superintendent shall keep a journal of all that passes in the School. All admissions, licences, discharges, and every event of importance connected with the School shall be reported in it. The Journal shall be laid before the Managers at their meetings, and be open to the Inspector when called for.

15. REGISTER, RETURNS, &c.
The Superintendent or Secretary shall keep a Register of Admissions, with particulars of the parentage, previous circumstances, &c. of each of the Inmates.

He shall also keep a Discharge and Disposal Book, showing the date of discharge of each individual, giving particulars as to conduct after discharge.

He shall also regularly send to the office of the Inspector, the required Returns of Admission and Discharge, Quarterly List of Cases under Detention, and Quarterly Accounts for maintenance, and in the month of January in each year a full Statement of the Receipt and Expenditure of the School for the past year, showing all debts and liabilities duly vouched by the Managers.

16. INSPECTOR.
In the case of any Young Offender absconding from the School, or being placid out on licence, or dying while an Inmate, or on licence, or of being sent to Prison for a criminal offences, immediate notice shall be given to the Inspector. The Inmates shall be examined, and their proficiency in School instruction and Industrial training tested from time to time by the Inspector. Books and journals of the School shall be open to the Inspector for examination. Any Teacher employed for the instruction of the Inmates Shall be examined by him if he think it necessary. Notice shall be given to him of the appointment, death, resignation, or dismissal of the Superintendent and of the School Teacher.

17. GENERAL REGULATIONS.
The Officers and Teachers of the Schools shall be careful to maintain the discipline and order of the School, and to attend to the Instruction and training of the Inmates in conformity with the above Rules. Every Inmate under detention in the School shall be required to obey the Officers and Teachers of the School, and to comply with the Rules in force; and any wilful neglect or refusal to obey or comply on the part of any such Inmate shall be deemed to be an offence under the 32nd Section of the Industrial Schools Act, 1866; absconding or inducing to abscond an offence under the 33rd and 34th Section of the said Act respectively. The authorised number of Inmates must be strictly adhered to, and no fresh admission accepted when this is attained. Hereinafter is given general informationnow bearing on the hereunto annexed matter.

Approved,
HENRY MATTHEWS,
One of Her Majesty's Principal Secretaries of State.
Whitehall,
14th September, 1891.


SUPPLEMENTARY RULES OF THE MANAGERS FOR THE REGULATION OF THE SCHOOL.

These Supplementary Rules should prescribe—

  • Hours of Work, Meals, Instructions, &c.
  • Rules as to Correspondence with Parents and Relatives.
  • Privileges, Rewards, Penalties, and Forfeitures.
  • Special Duties and Obligations.

MEMORANDUM.—Under the provisions of the Industrial Schools Act (§ 29) the Managers of any Industrial School are authorised to make such Rules as are necessary for the regulation of the School; but such Rules cannot be enforced unless sanctioned by the Secretary of State. Such Supplementary Rules, therefore, as are required should be appended to the foregoing General Rules, and submitted with them for the approval of the Secretary of State.


NOTE 1.

Under the Regulations now in force the allowance from the Treasury for the maintenance and training of Children in Industrial Schools is 5s. per head per week for Schools certified previous to 1st March 1872, for all Schools certified since that date 3s. 6d. a week, subject to a reduction to 3s. a week after four years' detention and the attainment of the age of 15 years. Children between the ages of 6 and 10 years are paid for at the rate of 3s. a week, no grant being allowed for children under 6 years of age. This allowance is usually supplemented by a grant in aid from the county, borough, or School Board authority committing cases to the Schools. A portion of the Treasury allowance, 1s. a per head per week, is granted on the condition that the staff for School instruction and Superintendence is sufficient and of the requisite ability.

An allowance is also made to the Managers of Schools on account of Teachers holding Certificates under the Education Department to enable them to procure the services of efficient instructors.


NOTE 2.

The conditions to be observed for the establishment of a Certified Industrial School are—

That the site and position of the School shall be such as to allow of a sufficient amount of ground being attached to it for the exercise and recreation of the Inmates, and to ensure free ventilation and good drainage in the internal space;

That in the dormitories the allowance for each Inmate shall be not less than 25 square and 300 cubic feet of space; in the School and Day Rooms not less than 10 square and 100 cubic feet;

That Boys and Girls shall not be boarded together in the same Institution; neither shall the number of Inmates in the same institution exceed 150, except in the case of School Ships, or under special circumstances, and with the special sanction of the Secretary of State thereto;

That the Plans of the Buildings or Premises of the proposed School be submitted to and approved by the Secretary of State, such Plans to show the area, height, and connection of the rooms, the external offices and conveniences attached to the Building, and all necessary details as to the Drainage, Ventilation, and arrangement of the Offices.


NOTE 3.

The Returns and Accounts required (Rule 15) are—

Form A. Notice of each admission to the School.

Form B. Monthly Return of Admissions, Re-admissions, Licences, Deaths, Discharges, Desertions, &c., for the preceding month.

Form C. Quarterly Return of all Inmates chargeable for maintenance during the previous Quarter.

Quarterly Account of the sums due for the maintenance of the Children under detention during the Quarter.

Licence Account. Return of Inmates. in Employment on Licence for previous Quarter.

Quarterly Report of the Sanitary State of the School and Health of Inmates.

Quarterly Return of Punishments and Offences.


NOTE 4.

In case of the Managers of any Industrial School desiring to resign their Certificate, the Industrial Schools Act requires that six months' previous notice of such Resignation be given to the Secretary of State (§ XLV).


NOTE 5.

By § 11 of the Industrial Schools Act it is provided, "That no substantial addition or alteration must be made to the Buildings of any Certified Industrial School without the approval of the Secretary of State."